Some Common Abbreviations

Some Common Abbreviations

출처 : http://www.aresearchguide.com/comabb.html

abbr. - abbreviation, abbreviated	abr. - abridged, abridgment
acad. - academic, academy	adj. - adjective, adjourned, adjustment
adm. - administration, admiral	adv. - adverb
agr. / agri. / agric. - agricultural, agriculture	anon. - anonymous
app. - appended, appendix, appointed	approx. - approximately
assn. - association	b. - base, bass, bat, battery, bay, book, born, brother
bact. - bacteria, bacteriology	bap. - baptized
bib. - Bible, biblical	bibliog. - bibliographer, bibliography, bibliographic
biog. - biographer, biography, biographical	biol. - biology
bk. - bank, block, book	bkg. - banking
bldg. - building	blvd. - boulevard
bot. - botanical, botany	bp. - bishop
brig. - brigade, brigadier	brig. gen. - brigadier general
bro. - brother	bur. - bureaus
c.a. - chartered accountant, chief accountant, commercial agent, consular agent, controller of accounts	cal. - calendar, caliber, small calorie
cap. - capital, capitalize	capt. - captain
cath. - cathedral	cc / cc. / c.c. - cubic centimeters
cent. - centigrade, centimeter, central, century	cf. -  Latin confer = compare
ch. - chaplain, chapter, check (chess), chief, child, children, Latin chirurgia = surgery, church	chap. - chaplain, chapter
chem. - chemical, chemist, chemistry	chm. - chairman, checkmate (chess)
chron. - chronology	cir. /circ. - circular, Latin circa = about
cit. - citation, cited, citizen	civ. - civil, civilian
clk. - clerk	cm / cm. - centimeter(s)
co. - company, county	c.o. / c/o - care of, carried over
c.o.d. - cash on delivery, collect on delivery	col. - collected, collector, college, colonel, colonial, colony, column
colloq. - colloquial, colloquialism	com. - comedy, command, commandant, commerce, commercial, commission(er), committee, commodore, common, communication, community
comdr. - commander	comr. - commissioner
comp. - compiler, compiled by	con. - concerto, consolidated, consul
cond. - conductor, conducted by	conf. - conference
cong. - congress	consol. - consolidated
constr. - construction	cont. - containing, contents, continent, continental, continue, continued
cont. / contd. - continued	corp. - corporal, corporation
cp. - candlepower, compare	cpl. - corporal
cr. - credit, creditor, creek	crit. - criticism
ct. - carat, cent, court	cu. - cubic
cwt. - hundredweight	d. - dam (pedigrees), date, daughter, day(s), dead, democrat, density, diameter, died
d. - pence, penny	dec. - deceased, declaration, declension, declination, decrease, Italian deprescendo = decreasing in loudness (music),
def. - definition, definite	deg. - degree(s)
dep. - department, departure, deposit, depot, deputy	dept. - department, deputy
der. / deriv. - derivation, derivative	diag. - diagram
dial. - dialect	dict. - dictionary
dim. - Italian diminuendo = diminishing in loudness (music)	dipl. - diplomat, diplomatic
dir. - director, directed by	disc. - discount, discovered
dist. - distinguished, district	distr. - distribution, distributed by
div. - dividend, division, divorced	dm / dm. - decameter, decimeter
do. - Latin ditto = the same	doc. - document
doz. - dozen	dpt. - department
dr. - debit, debtor, drachma, dram	d.t. - delirium tremens, double time
dup. / dupl. - duplicate	dwt. - pennyweight
e / e. - erg, errors (Baseball)	ea. - each
eccl. / eccles. - ecclesiastical	ecol. - ecology
econ. - economic, economics, economy	ed. - edited, edited by, edition, editor
e.g. -  Latin exempli gratia = for example	elec. / elect. - electric, electrical, electrician, electricity
elev. - elevation	emp. - emperor, empire, empress
e.m.u. - electromagnetic unit	enc. - enclosed
ency. / encyc. / encycl. - encyclopedia	eng. - engineer, engineering, engraved
entom. / entomol. - entomologist, entomology	esp. - especially
est. - established, estimate	et al. - Latin et alibi = and elsewhere, Latin et alii, et aliae = and others
etc. -  Latin et cetera = and so forth	et seq. - Latin et sequens = and the following, Latin et sequentes or seqentia = and those that follow
ex. - examined, example	exch. - exchange, exchequer
exec. - executive, executor	ex lib. - Latin ex libris = from the books of
f - Italian forte = loud (music)	f. - farad, father, farthing, fathom, feminine, fluid (ounce), folio, following, franc, frequency
fac. / fax - facsimile	fed. - federal, federated, federation
fem. - female, feminine	ff - Italian fortissimo = very loud (music)
ff. / fol. - folios, following	fig. - figure
fin. - finance	fl. - florin, flourished, fluid
fn. - footnote	fr. - fragment, franc, from
ft = feet, foot	ft. - fort
fwd. - foreword, foreword by	g / g. / gm - gram
gal / gall. - gallon	gaz. - gazette, gazetteer
gen. - gender, genera, general, genus	geog. - geographer, geographical, geography
geol. - geologic, geologist, geology	geom. - geometric, geometry
gloss. - glossary	gov. - governor
govt. - government	gr - grain(s), gram(s)
gram. - grammar, grammarian	hab. corp. - Latin habeas corpus = that you have the body
her. - heraldry	hist. - historian, historical, history
hort. - horticultural, horticulture	hr - hour(s)
ht. - height	ib. / ibid. - Latin ibidem = in the same place
id. - Latin idem = the same	i.e. - Latin id est = that is
illus. - illustrator, illustration, illustrated by	imp. - imperative, imperial, imports, Latin imprimatur = let it be printed
in. - inch, inches	inc. - including, income, incorporated
in loc. cit. - Latin in loco citato = in the place cited	ins. - inches, insurance
inst. - instant, institute, institution	intl. - international
introd. - introduction, introduced by	is. - island, isle
jour. - journal	jr. - junior
jud. - judicial	k. - kilo, kilogram, thousand
kg - kilogram (note: no period after kg)	kilo. - kilogram, kilometer
km - kilometer (note: no period after km)	kt. - carat
kw - kilowatt (note: no period after kw)	l - liter
l, ll - line, lines	lab. - laboratory
lang. - language	lat. - latitude
lb - Latin libra = pound	l.c. - Latin loco citato = in the place cited
lib. - liberal, library, librarian	lieut. / lt. - lieutenant
lit. - literally, literary, literature	ltd. - limited
lon. / long. - longitude	m. - male, married, meridian, Latin meridies = noon, meter, mile, minute, month
mach. - machine, machinist	mag. - magazine
maj. - major	mas. / masc. - masculine
math. - mathematician, mathematics	mdse. - merchandise
mech. - mechanical, mechanics	med. - medical, medicine, medieval
mem. / memo - Latin memento = remember, memorandum	mfg. - manufacturing
mfr. - manufacture, manufacturer	mg / mg. / mgm - milligram
mgr. - manager	mi - miles, mill (note: no period after mi)
misc. - miscellaneous	ml / ml. - milliliter
mm - millimeter(s), Latin millia = thousands	mo. - month(s)
mod. - moderate, modern	ms. / mss. - manuscript, manuscripts
mt. / mts. - mount, mountain, mountains	mus. - museum, music, musician
n / nn - note, notes	n. - noun
narr. - narrator, narrated by	natl. - national
nav. - naval, navigation	n.b. - Latin nota bene = mark well, take notice
n.d. - no date of publication	neg. - negative
no. - number	non seq. - Latin non sequitur = it does not follow
n.p. - no place of publication, no publisher	n. pag. - no page number
obit. - obituary	obj. - object, objective
op. cit. - Latin opere citato = in the work cited	orch. - orchestra, orchestrated by
orig. - original, originally	oz. - ounce (Italian abbrev. of onza)
p. / pp. - page, pages	par. - paragraph, parallel
pat. /patd. - patent, patented	pct. - percent
p.d. - Latin per diem = by the day	pen. - peninsular
perf. - performer, performed by	philos. - philosopher, philosophy
phys. - physical, physician, physicist, physics	pl. - plate, plural
ppd. - postpaid, prepaid	pref. - preface, preface by
prin. - principal, principle	prod. - produced by, producer, production
pro tem. - Latin pro tempore = for the time being	pron. - pronoun, pronunciation
pseud. - pseudonym	psych. / psychol. - psychological, psychologist, psychology
pt - pint (note: no period after pt)	pt. - part, payment, point, port
pub. / publ. - public, publisher, publication, published by	pwt - pennyweight (note: no period after pwt)
q. - quarto, question	qr. - quarter
qt - quart (note: no period after qt)	qt. - quiet (slang)
qtd. - quoted	ques. - question
quot. - quotation	r.b.i. / rbi / RBI - run(s) batted in (Baseball)
quot. - quotation	rec. - receipt, recipe, record, recorded
ref. - referee, reference, reformed	reg. - regent, regiment, region, registered, registrar, regular, regulation
rel. - release	rev. - review, reviewed by, revision, revised, revised by
riv. - river	rpm - revolutions per minute
rps - revolutions per second	rpt. - reprint, reprinted by
s. - saint, second, semi-, shilling, silver, sire, solo, son, soprano, south	sc. - scene
sch. - school	sci. - science, scientific, scientist
sculp / sculp. - sculptor, sculptural, sculpture	sec - secant, second(s)
sec. / secy. - secretary	sec. / sect. - section
ser. - series	serg. / sergt. / sgt. - sergeant
[sic.] - thus in the source (exactly as quoted)	sing. - singular
sol. - solicitor	sp. - special, species, specific, specimen, spelling, spirit
sq. - square, sequence	sub. - submarine, substitute, suburb
subj. - subject, subjective, subjunctive	sup. - superior, supplement, supply, (Latin supra = above), supreme
supt. - superintendent	surg. - surgeon, surgery
sym. - symbol, symphony	syn. - synonym, synonymous
t. - temperature, tempo, (Latin tempore = in the time of), tenor, tense (grammar), territory, time, ton(s), town, transitive, troy (weight)	tbs. / tbsp. - tablespoon
tel. - telegram, telegraph, telephone	temp. - temperature, temporary
terr. - territory	theol. - theologian, theological, theology
topog. - topographical, topography	trans. / tr. - translated by, translation, translator
treas. - treasurer, treasury	trig. / trigon. - trigonometric, trigonometry
tsp. - teaspoon	twp. - township
ult. - ultimate	univ. - universal, university
usu. - usually	uv - ultraviolet (note: no period after uv)
v. - verb, verse, versus, Latin vide = see, voltage, von (German name)	var. - variant
vb. - verb	vers. - version
vet. - veteran, veterinary	viz. - Latin videlicet = namely
vet. - veteran, veterinary	vol. - volcano, volume
vox. pop. - Latin vox populi = voice of the people	v.p. - vice president, vice principal
vs. / v. - Latin versus = against	vs. / vss. - verse, verses
v.s. - Latin vide supra = see above	wpm - words per minute
writ. - writer, written by	wt - weight (no period after wt)
yd - yard(s)	yr - year
zn = zinc

For a complete list of Common Scholarly Abbreviations, please see Section 7.4 in the 6th edition of the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.